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Anna Czarkwiani Group

Development and regeneration of gravity sensing organs in the axolotl

Portrait of Anna Czarkwiani

Our lab uses the amazing axolotl as a model to understand the biology of gravisensation. All species large enough to be affected by the constant pull of the force of gravity have evolved ways to sense it and orient themselves with respect to it. In humans and other tetrapods, our sense of gravity relies on tiny, biomineralized crystals called otoconia in specialized chambers in our inner ear. When these calcium carbonate crystals degrade or dislocate from the inner ear compartments, they can cause a variety of balance disorders including the most common type of vertigo (BPPV). Axolotls not only have highly conserved inner ear structure but also show the fantasic ability to regenerate these crystals if removed. Understanding how the axolotl can regenerate these structures and restore its correct sense of balanace on a molecular, cellular, structural and organismal level is the main goal of the Czarkwiani Lab.

Anna Czarkwiani Research: Figure
Figure: Confocal image of the axolotl juvenile brain and inner ear in a fluorescent transgenic reporter line labelling Schwan cells

Future Projects and Goals

  1. Biomineralization of otoconia in axolotl development and regeneration
  2. Otoconia biomineralization gene regulatory network
  3. Organism-wide effects of loss and regeneration of balance in the axolotl

Methodological and Technical Expertise

  • Surgical and experimental procedures in axolotls
  • Transgenesis
  • Light-sheet, SEM and microCT imaging
  • Molecular biology techniques
  • Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization

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Anna Czarkwiani is recruiting in the PhD Summer Selection 2026

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Open Projects
  • Molecular basis of otoconia development and regeneration in the axolotl
    Preferred Course of Study/Expertise of Candidate: Vertebrate tissue regeneration, molecular biology techniques, immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization, imaging

  • Biomaterial analysis of otoconia development and regeneration in the axolotl
    Preferred Course of Study/Expertise of Candidate: Proteomics, spectroscopy analysis of biomaterials, scanning electron microscopy

CV

since February 2026
Junior Group Leader, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden (CRTD), Dresden, Germany

2023–2025
Independent Scientist, CRTD, Dresden, Germany

2018–2023
Postdoctoral Fellow, CRTD, Dresden, Germany

2012–2017
PhD in Developmental and Stem Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK

Selected Publications

Czarkwiani A, Lobo M, Bolanos-Castro LA, Petzold A, Rost F, Maehr R, Yun MH
Molecular basis for de novo thymus regeneration in a vertebrate, the axolotl
Science Immunology 10(114):eadw9903 doi: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adw9903 (2025)

Kemmler CL, Smolikova J, Moran HR, Mannion BJ, Knapp D, Lim A, Czarkwiani A, Hermosilla Aguayo V, Rapp V, Fitch OE, Bötschi S, Selleri L, Farley E, Braasch I, Yun MH, Visel A, Osterwalder M, Mosimann C, Kozmik Z, Burger A
Conserved enhancers control notochord expression of vertebrate Brachyury
Nature Communications 14(1):6594 doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-42151-3 (2023)

Czarkwiani A, Dylus DV, Carballo L, Oliveri P
FGF signalling plays similar roles in development and regeneration of the skeleton in the brittle star Amphiura filiformis
Development. 148(10):dev180760 doi: 10.1242/dev.180760 (2021)

Piovani L, Czarkwiani A, Ferrario C, Sugni M, Oliveri P
Ultrastructural and molecular analysis of the origin and differentiation of cells mediating brittle star skeletal regeneration
BMC Biology. 19(1):9 doi: 10.1186/s12915-020-00937-7 (2021)

Czarkwiani A, Ferrario C, Dylus DV, Sugni M, Oliveri P
Skeletal regeneration in the brittle star Amphiura filiformis
Frontiers in Zoology 13:18 doi: 10.1186/s12983-016-0149-x (2016)